Lab 8. Population Genetics And Evolution

loser

... and not the name of a tragic shipwreck in the hostile waters of the north. Here
jokes about who, in fact, has done much for our much loved and revered and respected and diligent ... no, now exaggerating the matter.

I speak of course of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Swiss pedagogue, as you may have guessed from the title, was one of the first thinkers to act practically to teaching, preferring to direct contact with children in rational theories that there were some but they were not of immediate practical level and achieved.
these experiences, as we shall see, all failed for lack of funds and betrayal of the most trusted friends.
As rarely happens, life is in itself explanatory of its educational activities and therefore we summarize in a few points for clarity's sake:

1. 1746 - Birth of Pestalozzi, in Zurich. Premature death the father and reference point total in his education by his mother and caregiver
2. 1768-1780, Neuhof - ( pron. Noiof ) Pestalozzi, after an initial interest in Rousseau, in 1774 decided to implement as previously thought renovating a farmhouse and opening it to the poor and orphans. This becomes a fertile period that is the basis of his method called method of elementary theorise that a few years later. The lack of funding leads
   Pestalozzi to close this first experiment.
3. 1780-1798, the French Revolution - Driven by strong social and political action of the revolution, wraps of the Swiss Confederation acquires French citizenship and began to write his great novel teaching, the biggest of romanticism, Leonard and Gertrude . The first book of 1781 is so important that he decided to expand the story and made other three books, respectively 1783, 1785, 1787 .
4. 1798-1799, Stans - Pestalozzi, sad and disheartened by the terror established in the French Revolution, decided to open an orphanage in Stans (about 80 users) but was abandoned quickly.
5. 1799-1084, Burgdorf - At first a teacher at a private school, then in a state, Burgdorf marks for the Pestalozzi realize some theories before the great final term in Yverdon. Detects a castle, which became a school, his school, with 8 hours of aprtura with the teaching that the primary method and some elements within it such as writing to the second design and intuitive approach to basis of everything.
   but opposed by the aristocracy, so predicting the future restoration a general policy level, Pestalozzi was forced to close the experience of Burgdorf. He writes also (this is to be known), How Gertrude teaches her children , a collection of 14 educational wise.
6. 1805-1824, Yverdon - Definitely the longest period in the different educational experiences, but also the most bitter, Pestalozzi in Yverdon explores the theoretical assumptions of his method of sketching a text entitled ideas, experience and means to promote education in conformity with human nature .
   Already starting from 1814, however, clashes with co-workers, both from the theoretical point of view that human who brought the situation to be unmanageable, and in 1824 to force him to return to
7. 1824-1828 Neuhof, Neuhof - Tired and disappointed many betrayals, is still force to write his last work, educational and spiritual testament in defense of his thesis, called the swan song . He died in 1828.

paraphrase Rousseau and, later, Kant, Pestalozzi also examines the issue of sense perception and experience of nature. The value that was growing very strong in continental philosophy (think Fichte) regarding the value of nature, but does not say to Pestalozzi that experience should be given only the sense of direct contact, but the experience itself forms the personality ago understand the form itself imprinted by God in creation.
Basically, there are two paths leading forward, popular education and political interest in social factors, expressed in the French Revolution.
popular education, as well as much of his thinking teaching is very clear in his work Leonard and Gertrude : set in Germany, in the fictional country of Bonnel, in the presence of a feudal regime tells the story of a couple, Leonard and Gertrude in fact, that do not enjoy good economic health. Gertrude will be to respond to abuses of Hummel, the mayor of the feud and restore hope to the children first about education based on what are the dictates of primary method that we will see shortly. Very important is the mother figure. The following books are to understand the way that education will have to make, starting from the family up to the national system. Regarding the method

Elementary , Pestalozzi is realize that the only possible education is based on intuition mediated direct experience in nature. Intuition, based of course on the five senses, but must follow a path of clarification, to think through the concepts of precision. That means that we must educate children according to some steps that can be summarized as follows:

• identify the elements necessary
• identify basic elements in knowledge
• dall'inessenziale starting to reach the essential
• manage the degrees of importance of things, taking a lead from nature
• order items for each concept similarity
• new is added to something already learned
• from simple and slowly come to the complexity.

The basic method must therefore move in three key areas and each of them is associated with the organ in question:

• Cognitive , having in mind that it is divided by the number, shape and language. Children in fact, calling the math using simple algebraic question, as well as identify and distinguish objects based on their shape and their color, and only after failing to name the object, the body is associated with the mind .
• Practice or articulating and manipulating objects, using those skills in the beating, the port or throwing, rather than pushing the twist, and in so doing it in the lying, the body is that of the associated hand.
• Morale, because everything comes from love of God and mother, the earliest source of love in the family. Like Aristotle, the habit will love to morally educate the child. The organ will be associated with the heart .

Good night and good recovery in the studio!